Profil of a king iskandar muda
Sultan Iskandar Muda great in the palace, when old enough Iskandar Muda sent his father to study at the Tengku In Bitai, one of the scholars of Baitul Mukadis experts astronomy and physiognomy. The young Alexander studied grammar from him.
Furthermore Iskandar Muda father started receiving many famous scholars of Mecca and from Gujarat. Among them are three people who are very influential in the intellectual Iskandar Muda, Shaykh Abdul Khair Ibn Hajar, Sekh Muhammad from Mecca and Sekh Jamani Djailani Muhammad bin Hasan Al-Raniry of Gujarat.
Sultan Iskandar Muda was consecrated on June 29, 1606, during his leadership, Aceh reached its glory, where an increasingly large territory and an international reputation as a center of trade and learning about Islam.
life history
From the matriarch, Iskandar Muda is a descendant of King Darul-Kamal, and of the father's ancestors are descended from the royal family of Makota Nature. Darul-Kamal and Natural Makota said formerly was two neighboring settlements (separated by rivers) and that combination is the origin of Aceh Darussalam. Iskandar Muda alone represent two branches, which are fully entitled to claim the throne.
His mother, named Princess Indra Nations, who was also named Paduka Shah Alam, was the son of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah, the Sultan of Aceh to-10; where the sultan is the son of Sultan Firman Syah and Sultan Firman Syah are the children or grandchildren (according Djajadiningrat) Sultan Inayat Shah, King Darul-Kamal.
Indra Nations princess married to a massive ceremony with Sultan Mansur Shah, the son of Sultan Abdul-Jalil, in which Abdul-Jalil is the son of Sultan Alauddin al-Kahhar Riayat Shah, the Sultan of Aceh 3rd.
marriage history
Sultan Iskandar Muda married to a daughter of the Sultanate of Pahang. Princess is known as Putroe Phang. That said, because too love the emperor with his wife, the Sultan ordered the construction of the structure's history in the middle of Medan fictional (Castle Park) as a token of his love. Reportedly, the princess is always sad because it harbored a profound longing to his hometown hilly. Therefore Sultan build Gunongan to treat homesick princess. Until now the structure's history can still be seen and visited.
the power of a king
Sultan Iskandar Muda reign that began in 1607 until 1636, is the most glorious period for the Sultanate of Aceh, although on the other hand strict controls performed by Iskandar Muda, causing many rebellions later in the day after the death of Sultan.
Aceh is a country very rich and prosperous in its heyday. According to a French explorer who arrived in the heyday of Aceh at the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda Meukuta Perkasa Alam, Aceh's power reaches the west coast of Minangkabau. Aceh's power also includes up to Perak.
When Iskandar Muda came to power in 1607, he immediately conduct naval expedition that caused him to gain effective control in the northwest area of Indonesia. Full royal implemented smoothly at all important ports on the west coast of Sumatra and on the east coast, to the south of the Asahan. Cruise conquest waged a long way to Penang, on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, and foreign traders are forced to submit to him. Rich kingdom, and became the center of science.
Controls in the country
According to the tradition of Aceh, Iskandar Muda Aceh divided the territory into administrative regions called uleebalangs and habitation; This is confirmed by a report of a French explorer named Beauliu, that "Iskandar Muda cut down almost all of the old nobility and created a new nobility." Mukim1 were originally set several villages to support a mosque led by an Imam (Aceh: Imeum). Uleebalangs (Malay: hulubalang) initially perhaps the major subordinate-Sultan, who was awarded the Sultan of several habitation, to its management as feudal owners. This pattern djumpai in Aceh Besar and Aceh conquered lands is important.
Relations with foreign nations
English
In the 16th century, Queen of England, Elizabeth I, sent emissaries named Sir James Lancester to the Kingdom of Aceh and sent a letter addressed: "To the Civil Servant, King Aceh Darussalam." and a set of high value jewelery. Sultan was then accept good intentions "sister" in the UK and allow the British to dock and trade on the territory of Aceh. Even the Sultan also sent valuable gifts including a pair of bracelets of rubies and letters written on paper is smooth with gold ink. Sir James was awarded the title "Rich White People".Sultan was replying to a letter from Queen Elizabeth I. Here are excerpts of the letter Sultan of Aceh, which was kept by the government of the United Kingdom, dated 1585:
"... I am the mighty ruler of the Regions below the wind, who holds sway over the land of Aceh and over the land of Sumatra and over all the lands tributary to Aceh, the which stretch from the sunrise to the sunset ... "
(Hambalah the mighty ruler Those countries leeward, collected on the ground in Aceh and Sumatra on the ground and over the whole of the territory that is subject to Aceh, which stretches from horizon sunrise to sunset).
A good relationship between Aceh and the UK continued in the time of King James I of England and Scotland. King James sent a cannon as a gift to the Sultan of Aceh. The cannon is still maintained and known by the name of King James Cannon.
Netherlands
Besides the United Kingdom, Prince Maurits - founder of the dynasty Oranje- also had sent a letter with the intention of seeking the help of the Sultanate of Aceh Darussalam. Sultan welcomed their good intentions by sending representatives to the Dutch group. The delegation was led by Tuanku Abdul Hamid.
The delegation is known as the first Indonesian to stop in the Netherlands. During his visit Tuanku Abdul Hamid ill and eventually died. He was buried on a large scale in the Netherlands, attended by dignitaries Netherlands. However, because the Dutch have never bury the Muslims, then he was buried by way of Christianity in the yard of a church. Now in his tomb there is an inscription which was inaugurated by the late HRH Prince Bernhard of the late husband of Queen Juliana and father Her Majesty Queen Beatrix.
ottoman Turkey
At the time of Iskandar Muda, Aceh Kingdom sent its envoy to the Sultan of the Ottoman based in Constantinople. When I got home, the messenger of the kingdom of Aceh have been delayed for so long that they had to sell little by little gift offerings for their survival. Then at the end when they were received by the Emperor, offering them only stayed Pepper Pepper Sicupak or sack. But the Sultan welcomed the gift and send a cannon and some people who are proficient in the science of war to help the kingdom of Aceh. The cannons are still there until now known as the Lada Sicupak cannon. In the later period of the Ottoman Sultan sends a service medal to the Sultan of Aceh.
France
Kingdom of Aceh also received the visit of French royal envoy. Envoy of the King of France had been originally intended to award a mirror that is very valuable to the Sultan. But in the course of the broken mirror. Finally they present fragments of the mirror as a gift to the emperor. In his book, Denys Lombard said that Sultan Iskandar Muda very fond of valuable objects.
At that time, the kingdom of Aceh is the only Malay kingdom that has Balee Ceureumeen or glass hall in his palace. According to the French envoy, Aceh Sultanate Palace extent of not less than two kilometers. The palace named Istana In Darud Donya (now Meuligoe Aceh, Governor's residence). In it includes fictional Terrain and Terrain Khaerani that can accommodate 300 individuals elephant troops. Sultan Iskandar Muda also ordered them to dig a canal which drains water from springs in Mata Ie to the Krueng Aceh River basin where the canal crosses the palace, the river is up to now still can be seen, flowing quietly around Meuligoe. That's where the sultan often swim while guest-host tetamunya.
Sultan Iskandar Muda give a new order in the kingdom. He raised the indigenous leader for each tribe and prepared the country at the same time serve as a guide implementation of Qanun kingdom and the relationship between the king and the people.
During the 30-year reign (1606-1636 BC) Sultan Iskandar Muda Aceh Darussalam has brought the kingdom in triumph. This kingdom has become the kingdom of Islam's fifth-largest in the world after the Islamic kingdom of Morocco, Isfahan, Persia and Agra.
The whole region of the Malay Peninsula have been put under his kingdom and economically kingdom of Aceh Darussalam have had good diplomatic relations trade internationally. People Aceh was experiencing prosperity by arrangement that covers all aspects of life, which is made by Iskandar Muda.
In 1993, on September 14, the government of the Republic of Indonesia conferred the title of National Hero to the Sultan Iskandar Muda on the merit and glory build the foundations of important constitutional relationship and on his majesty, by promulgation of Presidential Decree No. 77 / TK / 1993.
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